便秘

迹象 & 症状

尽管每个人的排便频率差别很大, if more than three days pass without a bowel movement, the contents in the intestines may harden, making it difficult or even painful to pass. 排便时紧张或感觉排空不完全也可被认为是便秘.

便秘是一种症状，而不是一种疾病，它可以由许多因素引起. The most common are poor diet and lack of exercise. Other causes include irritable bowel syndrome, 怀孕, laxative abuse, 旅行, specific diseases, hormonal disturbances, loss of body salts and nerve damage. A variety of medications also can cause constipation, such as pain medications, especially narcotics, antacids that contain aluminum, antispasmodic drugs, antidepressant drugs, 镇静剂, iron supplements, anticonvulsants for epilepsy, 抗帕金森药物和抗高血压钙通道阻滞剂.

每个人的便秘症状可能不同. 然而, some of the most common 症状 include:

• 几天不能排便或大便坚硬、干燥
• Abdominal bloating, cramps or pain
• Decreased appetite
• 嗜睡

诊断

Your doctor will ask about your medical history, perform a physical examination and order routine blood, urine and stool tests. 用于诊断便秘的其他诊断检查包括乙状结肠镜检查和结肠镜检查.

乙状结肠镜检查

For a sigmoidoscopy, the doctor uses a special instrument called a colonoscope, which is a long, 柔性管，大约和你的食指一样粗，末端有一个微型摄像机和灯, to exam your rectum and lower part of your colon. 在手术过程中，我们会尽一切可能让你感到舒适. 你的血压、脉搏和血液中的含氧量将被仔细监测.

Your doctor will do a rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger; then the lubricated colonoscope will be gently inserted. As the scope is slowly and carefully passed, you may feel as if you need to move your bowels, and because air is introduced to help advance the scope, you may feel some cramping or fullness. Generally, however, there is little or no discomfort. 偶尔, some abdominal pressure, which may be provided by your nurse, 或者可能需要改变位置以避免结肠镜在腹部形成环路. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会将检查范围向前推进，直到他或她检查了结肠的左侧. 然后，在对结肠进行彻底检查的同时，小心地取出范围. At this point in the exam, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会用结肠镜仔细检查任何息肉或其他可能需要评估的问题, diagnosis or treatment. The procedure typically takes between 10 and 15 minutes.

结肠镜检查

结肠镜检查用于评估腹痛等症状, bloody bowel movements, altered bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea, and weight loss. This test is similar to sigmoidoscopy, but the doctor looks at the entire colon, rather than just the left side. The term "colonoscopy" means looking inside the colon. 结肠镜检查是由受过良好训练的专业十大赌博平台排行榜进行的.

结肠镜检查 also is performed using a colonoscope, which is a long, 柔性管，大约和你的食指一样粗，末端有一个微型摄像机和灯, to exam your rectum and lower part of your colon. 在手术过程中，我们会尽一切可能让你感到舒适. 你的血压、脉搏和血液中的含氧量将被仔细监测.

By adjusting the various controls on the colonoscope, 胃肠科十大赌博平台排行榜可以安全地操作仪器，仔细检查从肛门到盲肠的结肠内层. 结肠镜包含一个通道，允许仪器通过，以便采集组织或粪便样本, remove polyps and provide other therapy. The high quality picture from the colonoscope, shown on a TV monitor, provides a clear, detailed view of the colon. It provides a more precise examination than X-ray studies.

Your doctor will do a rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger; then the lubricated colonoscope will be gently inserted. As the scope is slowly and carefully passed, you may feel as if you need to move your bowels, and because air is introduced to help advance the scope, you may feel some cramping or fullness. Generally, however, there is little or no discomfort. 偶尔, some abdominal pressure, which may be provided by your nurse, 或者可能需要改变位置以避免结肠镜在腹部形成环路. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会将检查范围向前推进，直到他或她到达结肠的起点, called the cecum. After reaching this point, 然后小心地取出范围，同时对结肠进行彻底检查. At this point in the exam, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会用结肠镜仔细检查任何息肉或其他可能需要评估的问题, diagnosis or treatment. The procedure typically takes between 10 and 15 minutes.

治疗

便秘的治疗取决于病因、严重程度和持续时间. 然而, 在大多数情况下, 饮食和生活方式的改变将有助于缓解症状并完全预防这种疾病. A well-balanced diet that includes fiber-rich foods, such as unprocessed bran, whole-grain bread and fresh fruits and vegetables, is recommended. Ideally, you should consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber each day. 此外，多喝水和经常锻炼有助于刺激肠道活动.

虽然大多数轻度便秘的人不需要泻药，但过度使用泻药实际上会导致便秘, 对于那些即使在改变饮食和生活方式后仍然患有这种疾病的人来说，它们可能是推荐的. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜最有资格决定何时需要泻药和哪种类型.