Serum globulin electrophoresis

定义

The serum globulin electrophoresis test measures the levels of proteins called globulins in the fluid part of a 血液样本. This fluid is called serum.

选择的名字

Quantitative immunoglobulins

How the Test is Performed

A 血液样本 是必要的.

In the lab, the technician places the 血液样本 on special paper 和 applies an electric current. The proteins move on the paper 和 form b和s that show the amount of each protein.

How to Prepare for the Test

Follow instructions on whether or not you need to fast before this test.

Certain medicines may affect the results of this test. Your health care provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines. Do not stop any medicine before talking to your provider.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

Why the Test is Performed

This test is done to look at globulin proteins in the blood. Identifying the types of globulins can help diagnose certain medical problems.

Globulins are roughly divided into three groups: alpha, beta, 和 gamma globulins. Gamma globulins include various types of antibodies such as immunoglobulins (Ig) M, G, 和 A.

Certain diseases are associated with producing too many immunoglobulins. 例如, Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a cancer of certain white blood cells. It is linked with producing too many IgM antibodies.

正常的结果

Normal value ranges are:

• 血清球蛋白:2.0 to 3.5 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 20 to 35 grams per liter (g/L)
• IgM component: 75 to 300 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 750 to 3,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L)
• IgG component: 650 to 1,850 mg/dL or 6.5 to 18.50 g/L
• IgA component: 90 to 350 mg/dL or 900 to 3,500 mg/L

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Increased gamma globulin proteins may indicate:

• 急性 感染
• Blood 和 bone marrow cancers including 多发性骨髓瘤, 和 some lymphomas 和 leukemias
• Immune deficiency disorders
• 长期(慢性) inflammatory disease (for example, 类风湿性关节炎 和 systemic lupus erythematosus)
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia

风险

There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins 和 arteries vary in size from one person to another, 和 from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Dominiczak MH, Fraser WD. Blood 和 plasma proteins. In: Baynes JW, Dominiczak MH, eds. 医学生物化学. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 40.

McPherson RA, Riley RS, Massey HD. Laboratory evaluation of immunoglobulin function 和 humoral immunity. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis 和 Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 47.