牙科x射线

定义

牙科x射线 are a type of image of the teeth and mouth. X-rays are a form of high energy electromagnetic radiation. The x-rays penetrate the body to form an image on film or screen. X-rays can be either digital or developed on a film.

Structures that are dense (such as silver fillings or metal restoration) will block most of the light energy from the x-ray. This makes them appear white in the image. Structures that contain air will be black, 和牙齿, 组织, and fluid will appear as shades of gray.

选择的名字

X-ray - teeth; Radiograph - dental; 咬翼片s; 根尖周的 film; 全景 film; 人头测量法的 x-ray; Digital image

如何执行测试

The test is performed in the dentist's office. There are many types of dental x-rays. 其中一些是:

• 咬翼片. Shows the crown portions of the top and bottom teeth together when the person bites on a biting tab.
• 根尖周的. Shows 1 or 2 complete teeth from crown to root.
• 腭(也称为咬合). Captures all the upper or lower teeth in one shot while the film rests on the biting surface of the teeth.
• 全景. Requires a special machine that rotates around the head. The x-ray captures all of the jaws 和牙齿 in one shot. It is used to plan treatment for dental implants, 检查是否有埋伏的智齿, 检测下颌问题. A panoramic x-ray is not the best method for detecting cavities, unless the decay is very advanced and deep.
• 人头测量法的. Presents the side view of the face and represents relationship of the jaw to each other as well as to the rest of the structures. It is helpful to diagnose any airway problems.

Many dentists are also taking x-rays using digital technology. 这些图像通过计算机运行. The amount of radiation given off during the procedure is less than traditional methods. Other types of dental x-rays can create a 3-D picture of the jaw. Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) may be used before dental surgery, such as when several implants are being placed.

如何准备考试

没有特别的准备. You need to remove any metal objects in the area of the x-ray exposure. A lead apron may be placed over your body. Tell your dentist if you might be pregnant.

考试的感觉如何

The x-ray itself causes no discomfort. Biting on the piece of film makes some people gag. Slow, deep breathing through the nose usually relieves this feeling. Both CBCT and cephalometric x-ray do not require any biting pieces.

为什么要进行测试

牙科x射线 help diagnose disease and injury of the teeth and gums as well as help planning the appropriate treatment.

正常的结果

Normal x-rays show a normal number, structure, and position of the teeth and jaw bones. There are no cavities or other problems.

异常结果意味着什么

牙科x射线 may be used to identify the following:

• The number, size, and position of teeth
• 部分或全部 影响牙齿
• The presence and severity of tooth decay (called cavities or dental caries)
• Bone damage (such as from gum disease called 牙周炎)
• 长脓疮的牙齿
• 下巴骨折
• Problems in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together (咬合不正)
• Other abnormalities of the teeth and jaw bones

风险

There is very low radiation exposure from dental x-rays. However, no one should receive more radiation than necessary. A lead apron can be used to cover the body and reduce radiation exposure. Pregnant women should not have x-rays taken unless necessary.

注意事项

牙科x光可以显示 龋齿 before they are clinically visible, even to the dentist. Many dentists will take yearly bitewings to look for early development of cavities in between the teeth.

参考文献

Brame JL, Hunt LC, Nesbit SP. 护理的维护阶段. 见:Stefanac SJ, Nesbit SP编. Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Dentistry. 3日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 11.

达V. Diagnostic radiology in dental assessment. 在:Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. 纳尔逊儿科学教材. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 343.

Gold L, Williams TP. Odontogenic tumors: surgical pathology and management. 参见:Fonseca RJ，编辑. 口腔颌面外科. 3日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 18.

Nair MK, Levin MD, Nair UP. 射线照相的解释. In: Berman LH, Hargreaves KM, Rotstein I, eds. 科恩的《纸浆之路. 12日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2021:chap 2.